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Vulkāna pelni rada problēmas.

Šis raksts ir it ka nav īsti mana bloga temā,bet tomēr tas notikums tieši skāra ari Latviju un ta attistiba ir ari cieši saistīta ar laikapstakliem un  norisēm atmosfērā,turklāt sis ir zināma mērā unikāls un vēl nepiedzivots notikums.

Vulkāns Eyjafjallajökull ledājā,kas pirmo reizi pēc gandrīz 200 gadu ilgas “klusēšanas” aktivizējās 20. martā.  2010.g 14 aprili Īslandē sākās Eijafjallajekulla vulkāna izvirdums, kas izkausēja daļu ledāja valsts dienvidos, izraisot plašus plūdus. Plūdi ceturtdien mitējās, bet vulkāns turpināja izmest pelnus, kuru veidotā mākoņa dēļ ceturtdien un piektdien tika slēgtas daudzu Eiropas valstu, tostarp Latvijas, gaisa telpas. Līdz ar valdošajiem dienvidrietumu vējiem vulkāna pelnu mākonis tiek pārvietots pāri Atlantijas okeānam uz Eiropu (skat. EUMETSAT satelītattēlu) un izkliedēts atmosfērā dažādos augstumos, radot nopietnus draudus lidojumu drošībai. Eiropas centrālajā un ziemeļu daļā, kā arī Krievijas ziemeļrietumu rajonos ir slēgti daudzi lidlauki. Eiropas gaisa satiksmes kontroles organizācija jau paziņojusi, ka aviosatiksmes problēmas varētu turpināties visu nedēļas nogali. Vulkāna izvirduma radītā pelnu mākoņa dēļ avioreisi no 15.aprīļa ir atcelti vairākās Eiropas valstīs. Nenotiek daudzi starpkontinentālie lidojumi. Ārvalstu ziņu aģentūras vēstī, ka tiek pieļauta iespēja, ka lidojumu aizliegums šā pelnu mākoņa dēļ var tikt pagarināts līdz nedēļas nogalei, ieskaitot lidojumus uz Ziemeļameriku un Āziju.Latvijas gaisa telpa pagaidām oficiāli ir slēgta līdz sestdienas pulksten 13, tomēr prognozes liecina, ka tā būs slēgta visu dienu.Mākonis ir kļuvis liels, un mēs esam pašā tā centrā,Īslandes vulkāna putekļu mākonis sācis nedaudz virzīties austrumu virzienā, taču vēl sestdien noteikti neatstās Latvijas teritoriju, pesimistiskākās prognozes liecina, ka Latvijas gaisa telpa būs slēgta līdz ceturdienai, 22.aprīlim.
Tiek prognozēts- Eiropā aviosatiksme daudzviet nebūs iespējama 2 dienas. Jau atcelti 17 000 lidojumi Eiropā, apmēram miljards dolāru zaudējumi Eiropas lidostām.

Mazliet par izvirduma gaitu,vēsturi:
20. martā starp diviem ledājiem Eyjafjallajökull un Mýrdalsjökull vietā ko sauc par Fimmvörðuháls zemes garozā atveras plaisa no kuras sāk izplūst lava. Tas nav negaidīts notikums, jo tūkstošiem sīku zemestrīču jau iepriekš brīdinājušas par izvirduma iespējamību. Izvirdums ir mierīgs, cik nu mierīgs vien vulkāna izvirdums var būt, piesaistot tūristu pūļus un īpaši nekaitējot vietējiem iedzīvotājiem.

31. martā blakus pirmajai plaisai atveras vēl viena un izvirdumi turpinās tādā pašā garā līdz pēc dažām dienām vulkānu aktivitāte sāk mazināties un gandrīz apsīkst.

Bet tad nāk 14. aprīļa rīts ar jaunu izvirdumu. Šoreiz plaisa apmēram 2 km garumā atveras zem Eyjafjallajökull ledāja, aizsākot visas šī stāsta dramatiskāko fāzi. Sākas eksplozīvā tipa izvirdums, kur lavas izplūdi pavada milzīgi izkausētā ledāja ūdens plūdi – jokulhlaupi (Jökulhlaup) un pelnu mākonis tiek uzmests 8-11 km augstumā.
Izvirduma gaita pirmajās divās plaisās atbilda šim mierīgajam režīmam, tomēr trešais izvirdums atšķīrās. Vulkāns atmosfērā pēkšņi sāka izsviest milzumu pelnu, radot visas tās problēmas par kurām šobrīd liecina ziņu virsraksti, kā arī radīja katastrofiskus plūdus, kas ir tik spēcīgi, ka var aiznest sev līdzi mašīnas, mājas, tiltus, ceļus. Kāpēc tā notika? To var izskaidrot, ja atceramies, ka atšķirībā no pirmajiem diviem izvirdumiem, trešais sākās zem ledāja. Karstā lava, kuras temperatūra var sasniegt 1200 grādus pēc Celsija izkausēja pārsedzošo ledāju, no kura ūdens milzīgā ātrumā sāka plūst uz okeānu, turklāt ūdens iekļuva arī pašā vulkāna krāterī, kur reaģējot ar magmu veidoja tajā gāzes, padarot eksplozīvu. Šobrīd zinātnieki nesniedz precīzas prognozes par to cik vēl ilgi pelni no Islandes varētu traucēt lidmašīnu satiksmi. Šāds vulkāna izvirdums var turpināties mēnešiem un pat gadiem, tomēr domāju, ka līdz ar vulkānu pārklājošā ledāja izkausēšanu, un ar ūdeni bagātinātās magmas izmešanu, pelniem vajadzētu apsīkt. Tas drīzāk varētu būt dienu jautājums, atkarībā no tā cik daudz ūdens vēl ir pieejams…
Vairāk par šo vulkanu,un ar to saistitiem interesantiem faktiem var izlasit ŠEIT

ZEMĀK BILDĒS -VULKĀNA IZVIRDUMA NORISE un apkārtne, plūdi, skati no augšas,pelnu mākoņa satelit attēli. Bildes no dažadiem ziņu avotiem.
16. aprīļa naktī vulkāna izmešos notika spēcīga zibeņošana. To izraisīja no vulkāna izmestās elektriski lādētās pelnu daļiņas.

Daži NASA uzņemumi no kosmosa kur redzama vulkana krātera baisa “seja”

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